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Basic Provenance

Page standards status: Informative

Provenance in US Core

The FHIR Provenance Resource tracks information about the activity about a version of a resource, describing the entities and agents involved. FHIR resources also contain elements that represent "small-p provenance" information about how the resource was obtained which overlap with the functionality of the Provenance resource.

​This page is divided into two section documenting how the US Core Provenance Profile records changes at the organizational level, and how the US Core Profiles' "small-p provenance" elements record changes at the individual level. The US Core Provenance Profile asserts where the data came from at an organizational or system level. Because systems typically do not use the Provenance Resource to represent this information at an individual level (in other words, activities by the patient or provider), various FHIR resource elements are identified that track the "small p provenance" information at the individual level. The baseline rules and guidance here do not preclude more advanced use cases such as Using Provenance To Target Resource Elements.

Organizational Level Provenance

The US Core Provenance Profile focuses on a key subset of elements, the "last hop", and specific use cases used to assert changes to the record at the organizational level. Full Provenance of a Resource requires details from the original resource creator and all intermediary actors that updated the Resource. Members of the Argonaut community and the HL7 security working group discussed the current sharing approaches and end-user display. They agreed the most important information is the last organization making a meaningful clinical update to the data and the prior system providing it - the 'last hop'. Participants didn't dispute the potential need to recreate the entire chain but didn't see this as relevant to the immediate end-user.

Key Provenance Elements

The guidance for Provenance in US Core focuses on six key elements: Timestamp, the Target Resource, Author, Author Organization, Transmitter, and Transmitter Organization. The Timestamp is the date and time the author created, updated, or deleted the data. The Target Resource is the Resource the Provenance record supports. The Author represents the person(s) responsible for the information. The Author Organization defines the organization the author is associated with when they created, updated, or deleted the data. The Transmitter represents the system responsible for transmitting the information. Finally, the Transmitter Organization defines the organization responsible for the transmission.

Key Provenance elements:

Element Required Must Support Optional FHIR Element
Target Resource Provenance
record supports
    Provenance.target
Timestamp Date   Time with timezone offset Provenance.recorded
Author   Name
Identifier
NPI recommended, additional identifiers allowed Provenance.agent.who
Author Organization   Name
Identifier
NPI recommended, additional identifiers allowed Provenance.agent.onBehalfOf
Transmitter   Name
Identifier
NPI recommended, additional identifiers allowed Provenance.agent.who
Transmitter Organization   Name
Identifier
NPI recommended, additional identifiers allowed Provenance.agent.onBehalfOf

Use Cases NOTE THAT THE "USE CASES" SECTIONS HAVE ALL BEEN COMMENTED OUT.

The HL7 Basic Provenance Informative implementation guide outlines four use cases: Fax, Health Information Exchange (HIE) redistribution, HIE transformation, and Clinical Information Reconciliation and Incorporation (CIRI). While these use cases may have FHIR implications in the future, CIRI and HIE are the key use cases and are covered in detail here.

Clinical Information Reconciliation and Incorporation
Accepting information from a single site
HIE Redistribution
HIE Transformation

Individual Level Provenance

  • Discuss:
    • Which elements should be added as Must Support/Add'l USCDI
    • Which target resources should be added as Must Support/Add'l USCDI
      • US Core Patient
      • US Core Practitioner
      • US Core PractitionerRole
      • US Core RelatedPerson
      • US Core Organization
      • US Core Device
    • If not adding Must Support/Add'l USCDI then what guidance do we give to meet the requirement?

(source excel file is here: https://1drv.ms/x/c/deea5e002be8d274/EazOGawVCEBBjJmfJXcI5DQBKbAXNqHGcHr4ioRM6s2m0g)

US Core Profiles contain elements that represent "small-p provenance" information about how the resource was obtained, which overlaps with the functionality of the Provenance resource discussed above. The table below identifies the author and author roles that meet the U.S. Core Data for Interoperability (USCDI) Provenance Author and Author Role Data Elements requirements for individuals. In addition, they are listed in each US Core Profile page's "Profile Specific Implementation Guidance" section. The author is communicated by the elements and the author's role by the target resource type referenced by it (for example, Patient, Practitioner/PractitionerRole, RelatedPerson, Device). Details about the author's role are contained in the target resource's contents. The bold font indicates the elements and target resources that are labeled as Must Support in the respective US Core Profiles. Elements and target resources not labeled as Must Support SHOULD be supported in the profiles when the system captures the data.

Author and Author Role Data Elements

This table excludes these US Core Profiles, which are not typically associated with individual authorship:

  • US Core Encounter
  • US Core Location
  • US Core Organization
  • US Core Practitioner
  • US Core PractitionerRole
  • US Core RelatedPerson
  • US Core Medication
  • US Core Provenance
  • US Core CareTeam
  • US Core Coverage
  • US Core Specimen

Red text indicates proposed new Must Support elements and targets

This information is also available as a csv or excel file:

US Core Profile Surveyed? Data Element Corresponding to Author Provenance Target Resource Types Corresponding to Author Role Provenance
US Core AllergyIntolerance Profile AllergyIntolerance.asserter Practitioner, PractitionerRole, Patient, RelatedPerson
US Core CarePlan Profile CarePlan.contributor Practitioner, Organization, PractitionerRole, Patient, RelatedPerson, CareTeam, Device, DeviceMetric
US Core Condition Encounter Diagnosis Profile Condition.asserter Practitioner, PractitionerRole, Patient, RelatedPerson
US Core Condition Problems and Health Concerns Profile Condition.asserter Practitioner, PractitionerRole, Patient, RelatedPerson
US Core DiagnosticReport Profile for Laboratory Results Reporting DiagnosticReport.performer* Practitioner**, Organization, PractitionerRole, CareTeam
US Core DiagnosticReport Profile for Laboratory Results Reporting DiagnosticReport.resultsInterpreter Practitioner, Organization, PractitionerRole, CareTeam
US Core DiagnosticReport Profile for Report and Note Exchange DiagnosticReport.performer* Practitioner**, Organization, PractitionerRole, CareTeam
US Core DiagnosticReport Profile for Report and Note Exchange DiagnosticReport.resultsInterpreter Practitioner, Organization, PractitionerRole, CareTeam
US Core ADI DocumentReference Profile DocumentReference.author* Practitioner**, Organization, PractitionerRole, Patient, RelatedPerson, CareTeam, Device, DeviceMetric
US Core DocumentReference Profile DocumentReference.author* Practitioner**, Organization, PractitionerRole, Patient, RelatedPerson, CareTeam, Device, DeviceMetric
US Core Goal Profile Goal.expressedBy Practitioner, PractitionerRole, Patient, RelatedPerson
US Core Immunization Profile Immunization.reportOrigin Practitioner, Organization, PractitionerRole, Patient, RelatedPerson, CareTeam, Device, DeviceMetric
US Core Immunization Profile Immunization.performer.actor Practitioner, Organization, PractitionerRole, Patient, RelatedPerson, CareTeam, Device, DeviceMetric
US Core MedicationDispense Profile MedicationDispense.performer.actor* Practitioner**, Organization**, PractitionerRole, Patient, RelatedPerson, Device, DeviceMetric
US Core MedicationRequest Profile MedicationRequest.requester* Practitioner**, Organization**, PractitionerRole, Patient, RelatedPerson, Device, DeviceMetric
US Core MedicationRequest Profile MedicationRequest.reportedReference* Practitioner**, Organization**, PractitionerRole, Patient, RelatedPerson, Device, DeviceMetric
US Core Average Blood Pressure Profile Observation.performer* Practitioner, Organization, PractitionerRole, Patient, RelatedPerson, CareTeam
US Core Average Blood Pressure Profile Observation.device Device, DeviceMetric
US Core Blood Pressure Profile Observation.performer* Practitioner, Organization, PractitionerRole, Patient, RelatedPerson, CareTeam
US Core Blood Pressure Profile Observation.device Device, DeviceMetric
US Core BMI Profile Observation.performer* Practitioner, Organization, PractitionerRole, Patient, RelatedPerson, CareTeam
US Core BMI Profile Observation.device Device, DeviceMetric
US Core Body Height Profile Observation.performer* Practitioner, Organization, PractitionerRole, Patient, RelatedPerson, CareTeam
US Core Body Height Profile Observation.device Device, DeviceMetric
US Core Body Temperature Profile Observation.performer* Practitioner, Organization, PractitionerRole, Patient, RelatedPerson, CareTeam
US Core Body Temperature Profile Observation.device Device, DeviceMetric
US Core Body Weight Profile Observation.performer* Practitioner, Organization, PractitionerRole, Patient, RelatedPerson, CareTeam
US Core Body Weight Profile Observation.device Device, DeviceMetric
US Core Care Experience Preference Profile Observation.performer Practitioner, Organization, PractitionerRole, Patient, RelatedPerson, CareTeam
US Core Care Experience Preference Profile Observation.device Device, DeviceMetric
US Core Head Circumference Profile Observation.performer* Practitioner, Organization, PractitionerRole, Patient, RelatedPerson, CareTeam
US Core Head Circumference Profile Observation.device Device, DeviceMetric
US Core Heart Rate Profile Observation.performer* Practitioner, Organization, PractitionerRole, Patient, RelatedPerson, CareTeam
US Core Heart Rate Profile Observation.device Device, DeviceMetric
US Core Laboratory Result Observation Profile Observation.performer Practitioner, Organization, PractitionerRole, Patient, RelatedPerson, CareTeam
US Core Laboratory Result Observation Profile Observation.device Device, DeviceMetric
US Core Observation ADI Documentation Profile Observation.performer* Practitioner**, Organization, PractitionerRole, Patient, RelatedPerson, CareTeam
US Core Observation ADI Documentation Profile Observation.device Device, DeviceMetric
US Core Observation Clinical Result Profile Observation.performer Practitioner, Organization, PractitionerRole, Patient, RelatedPerson, CareTeam
US Core Observation Clinical Result Profile Observation.device Device, DeviceMetric
US Core Observation Occupation Profile Observation.performer Practitioner, Organization, PractitionerRole, Patient, RelatedPerson, CareTeam
US Core Observation Occupation Profile Observation.device Device, DeviceMetric
US Core Observation Pregnancy Intent Profile Observation.performer Practitioner, Organization, PractitionerRole, Patient, RelatedPerson, CareTeam
US Core Observation Pregnancy Intent Profile Observation.device Device, DeviceMetric
US Core Observation Pregnancy Status Profile Observation.performer Practitioner, Organization, PractitionerRole, Patient, RelatedPerson, CareTeam
US Core Observation Pregnancy Status Profile Observation.device Device, DeviceMetric
US Core Observation Screening Assessment Profile Observation.performer* Practitioner**, Organization, PractitionerRole, Patient**, RelatedPerson, CareTeam
US Core Observation Screening Assessment Profile Observation.device Device, DeviceMetric
US Core Observation Sexual Orientation Profile Observation.performer Practitioner, Organization, PractitionerRole, Patient, RelatedPerson, CareTeam
US Core Observation Sexual Orientation Profile Observation.device Device, DeviceMetric
US Core Pediatric BMI for Age Observation Profile Observation.performer* Practitioner, Organization, PractitionerRole, Patient, RelatedPerson, CareTeam
US Core Pediatric BMI for Age Observation Profile Observation.device Device, DeviceMetric
US Core Pediatric Head Occipital Frontal Circumference Percentile Profile Observation.performer* Practitioner, Organization, PractitionerRole, Patient, RelatedPerson, CareTeam
US Core Pediatric Head Occipital Frontal Circumference Percentile Profile Observation.device Device, DeviceMetric
US Core Pediatric Weight for Height Observation Profile Observation.performer* Practitioner, Organization, PractitionerRole, Patient, RelatedPerson, CareTeam
US Core Pediatric Weight for Height Observation Profile Observation.device Device, DeviceMetric
US Core Pulse Oximetry Profile Observation.performer* Practitioner, Organization, PractitionerRole, Patient, RelatedPerson, CareTeam
US Core Pulse Oximetry Profile Observation.device Device, DeviceMetric
US Core Respiratory Rate Profile Observation.performer* Practitioner, Organization, PractitionerRole, Patient, RelatedPerson, CareTeam
US Core Respiratory Rate Profile Observation.device Device, DeviceMetric
US Core Simple Observation Profile Observation.performer* Practitioner**, Organization, PractitionerRole, Patient**, RelatedPerson, CareTeam
US Core Simple Observation Profile Observation.device Device, DeviceMetric
US Core Smoking Status Observation Profile Observation.performer Practitioner, Organization, PractitionerRole, Patient, RelatedPerson, CareTeam
US Core Smoking Status Observation Profile Observation.device Device, DeviceMetric
US Core Treatment Intervention Preference Profile Observation.performer Practitioner, Organization, PractitionerRole, Patient, RelatedPerson, CareTeam
US Core Treatment Intervention Preference Profile Observation.device Device, DeviceMetric
US Core Vital Signs Profile Observation.performer* Practitioner, Organization, PractitionerRole, Patient, RelatedPerson, CareTeam
US Core Vital Signs Profile Observation.device Device, DeviceMetric
US Core Procedure Profile Procedure.asserter Practitioner, PractitionerRole, Patient, RelatedPerson
US Core Procedure Profile Procedure.performer.actor* Practitioner, Organization, PractitionerRole, Patient, RelatedPerson, Device, DeviceMetric
US Core QuestionnaireResponse Profile QuestionnaireResponse.author* Practitioner**, Organization, PractitionerRole, Patient, RelatedPerson, Device, DeviceMetric
US Core QuestionnaireResponse Profile QuestionnaireResponse.source Practitioner, PractitionerRole, Patient, RelatedPerson
US Core ServiceRequest Profile ServiceRequest.requester* Practitioner**, Organization, PractitionerRole, Patient, RelatedPerson, Device, DeviceMetric

* US Core Must Support or Additional USCDI element

** US Core Must Support Target Resource Type